The effect of liberation on economic growth of China Essay

The impact of freedom on financial development of China - Essay Example In the wake of setting up of WTO with a plan to upgrade worldwide exchange to an enormous degree by crushing a wide range of exchange boundaries forced by singular nations, the part conditions of WTO has been putting forth broad attempts to change their exchange with one another and with different nations also. China isn't a special case. In the china, endeavors to change exchange by lessening distinctive exchange obstructions have been begun to be embraced since the inception of financial change in this nation during the time of 1970s. Hypothesis recommends a nearby connection between outside exchange and financial development. There have been countless hypothetical and observational works, which have attempted to look at the connection between worldwide exchange and monetary development. While various examinations have discovered a positive relationship between improved worldwide exchange and financial development, an enormous number of studies have likewise discredited the case based on their exploration that global exchange encourages monetary development. (Edwards, 1993) In the current investigation the instance of China will be thought about, as china has gotten one of the most remarkable and quickly developing economies in the current world. It would be extremely fascinating to perceive how exchange advancement has influenced financial development in China. For this the time of 1970-2007 will be mulled over, as it was distinctly in the time of 1970’s (late 1970’s) when China put accentuation on the issue of exchange progression as one of its monetary change approaches. In any case, in this specific circumstance, one thing ought to be referenced that exchange advancement got a tremendous lift in China during 1990s as it was making its way simple to turned into an individual from WTO during this period. Exchange advancement essentially infers decrease in the levy rates and expulsion of non-tax obstructions. Since late 1970s china has begun to attempt a few proportions of exchange progression to expand its remote exchange. This paper will

Communication Barrier Free Essays

Correspondence Barrier among Local and International Student in Malaysia. The expanding number of global understudy in Malaysia carries numerous advantages to the nation also to the neighborhood understudies. Be that as it may, there are numerous issues that looked by these worldwide understudies in this nation. We will compose a custom exposition test on Correspondence Barrier or then again any comparative theme just for you Request Now One of them is correspondence hindrance between the neighborhood understudies. Correspondence hindrance continually carry trouble to them while communicating with the nearby understudies in the grounds. This incorporates both verbal and non-verbal correspondence. These are the boundaries:- * Limited communication There are restricted associations between the nearby and universal understudies. The worldwide understudies or the nearby understudies possibly speak with one another when there are bunch conversations in the class or a gathering on a gathering task. They like to be with their own gathering of companions that are comparative nationality, race and culture with them. These carry them to have less correspondence with the other gathering of understudies. On the off chance that this thing keeps proceeding, at that point the universal understudies can't get familiar with the host nation culture, convention and convictions. They likewise will have less information about the host nation. Later on, this will carry trouble to the global understudies when they enter in the work field at the host nation. * Poor language The neighborhood and the global understudies additionally have issues with the language. In Malaysia, there are just two dialects that are utilized broadly in the college as well as in the entire nation, which is Bahasa Malaysia and English Language. The global understudies or the neighborhood understudies possibly utilize English Language when speaking with one another in light of the fact that the worldwide understudies don’t know the nearby language which is Bahasa Malaysia. The worldwide understudies that not from English spoken nation like understudies from China, Turkey, Arab and Japan, consistently have issue to talk in English with the nearby understudies. A portion of the neighborhood understudies or the Malaysian understudies likewise have similar issues when communicating in English with the worldwide understudies. These issues happen because of poor language abilities. This make them to impart non-verbally more than verbal. * Few dear companions The global understudies in Malaysia have scarcely any dear companions. They like to be companion with individuals that make them agreeable. They likewise make less new companions. This make them generally think in the container and not out of the crate. The greater part of the global understudies don’t like to be companion with the nearby understudies. Same goes with the neighborhood understudies. These things happen because of some idea of comparability between them. They make these things more significant than the other rest like to make companions to learn new thing and to pick up information. * Slang is casual language, where words mean some different option from their proper implications, or where words are utilized that isn't genuine English words. Some of the time slang or vernacular words will become word reference words through use and custom. Slang additionally one of the greatest correspondence boundaries between the nearby and worldwide understudies. The universal student’s slang or highlight additionally carries trouble to the nearby understudies when conversing with them. They difficult to comprehend what the worldwide understudies attempt to let them know and in some cases, these will likewise bring misconception between them. Because of these issues, they discuss less with one another. Reference 1. Hasri Hassan, Zulaikha Nurain Mudzar, Lucien Low, (2013), Corporate Communication, Pearson, Kuala Lumpur. 2. http://online journals. nottingham. air conditioning. uk/chinapolicyinstitute/2013/01/28/coordination of-chinese-internationals-understudies with-the-nearby network issues-emerging from-the-sccs-network building-discussion/3. http://english. peopledaily. com. cn/90001/90782/90872/7233749. html 4. http://www. awej. organization/? article=20 5. http://www. purdueexponent. organization/grounds/article_f0ea98bd-10f3-5507-b699-b85e32fb1955. html 6. http://www. ijbssnet. com/diaries/Vol. _2_No. _7;_Special_Issue_April_2011/5. pdf Step by step instructions to refer to Communication Barrier, Papers

Kiss the Frog

Kiss the Frog So the annual no-problem-set-fest known as IAP really comes to an end today. Mitra mentioned that on Monday, we have registration day, and then the first day of classes is Tuesday, YIKES! But I didnt get through IAP without learning a little bit, at least. Lets hop in the TechnoTime Machine and jump back 9 years to when I was in 6th grade, every weekend, Id spend 4 hours every Saturday at etiquette school trying to learn how to ask a girl for a dance to how to enjoy the whipped cream from my sundae without ending up with my food on my face. Its almost been a decade since my etiquette training, but fear not, Ive renewed my Boy Scout Etiquette Badge. Another snapshot as to why today was also very important, a snapshot of the dinner table (me, my mom, and my three younger brothers) Me: Did you burp? Brother 1: It wasnt me. (To Brother 2) Do you have your elbows on the table? Brother 2: (Moves elbows off table, quickly) Youre supposed to cut your spaghetti while youre eating it! Brother 3: Shut up! Mom: Do I need to get out Emily Post? If I had this conversation today, I could safely tell my mom, No. I went to CHARM SCHOOL today. Charm School is an annual IAP event in its 14th year where faculty and staff from all around MIT help members of the community practice better etiquette. Theres a lot to learn, and there are a number of tricks and tips I learned today that Ive never learned before. For example, do you want a fail proof way to know which bread and drink are yours? If you make a b with your left hand and a d with your right hand, the b hand is where your bread is and the d hand is where your drink is. On top of re-learning my table manners, the Ballroom Dance Team was giving rumba lessons. My friend Yonas practiced some cell phone etiquette. Laura Stuart was giving lessons on dating and how to let a person know you dont want a second date. The Chorallaries performed Pomp and Circumstance on the kazoo. We did arrive at Charm School fashionably late, and unfortunately we did not graduate. We only acquired 1 of the 6 credits required for our Bachelors. On top of not getting my degree, I also missed Flirting 101 which I could have acquired advanced placement for. If you want proof, try out one of my nerdy pickup lines. Do you have a library card? Cause Im checking you out. Baby, can I be your DNA helicase? Cause I want to unzip your genes. If you can top that, post a comment. Ill confer you an honorary degree.

The Convention On The Elimination Of All Forms Of...

The Convention on the Elimination of All forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) is a comprehensive international treaty, created to advocate for the rights of women s. It is a highly ratified treaty since one hundred and eighty-six of the UN’s 193 members have agreed to apply its principles to their nation states and to protect and fulfil its terms and conditions (Wakefield 2010, p.22). The aim of the essay is to demonstrate the strengths of CEDAW in promoting gender equality, whilst simultaneously study its weakness in order to determine success of the Convention. This essay will argue that CEDAW has proven to be a successful Convention over the years as it has become part of the global system of law due to its positive influence across national and local system of laws of the states that decides to ratify it. The Convention has also become a good venue for states, NGOS and women s movements to use in order to explore issues relating to discrimination against women, as reflected in the case study of Afghanistan. However, this is to a certain extent, as the essay will reflect that factors such as lack of enforcement, overdue of reports, minimal individual complaints, issue of reservations, culture e.tc. has impeded its potential and disappointed a lot of activists who had high expectations (Merry 2003, p.942). Human rights became known to the world in the 20th century, when it was established that human beings should be treated with dignity and respect anywhere,Show MoreRelatedThe Convention On The Elimination Of All Forms Of Discrimination Against Women1662 Words   |  7 PagesGender Equality The Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination Against Women (or CEDAW for short) is, in general, regarded as a â€Å"bill of rights† for women. â€Å"The United Nations has encouraged states to recognize women s rights, most importantly through the CEDAW, which was adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1979† (Inglehart and Pippa 7). It aims at creating a number of acts that will ensure gender equality and protect women from all forms of discrimination. CEDAW is ratifiedRead MoreArticle And Write Down Reservation Of Afghanistan1641 Words   |  7 PagesAfghanistan has ratified international Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination on 6 July 1983. This convention was adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations in resolution 2106 of 21 December 1965. While ratification of this convention Afghanistan reserved the right to be bound by provisions of article 22 of the convention. According to article 22, if there was any disagreement between two or more state parties to the convention regarding implementation and interpretationRead MoreThe United Nations A Success Or A Failure?1278 Words   |  6 PagesUN has used this tactic in Liberia, and the result was largely positive. â€Å"Established in September 2003, the United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) was charged with assisting in the disarmament, demobilization, reintegration and repatriation of all armed parties. The process was launched in December. Within 12 months, nearly 100,000 Liberians had turned in guns, ammunition, rocket-propelled grenades and other weapons.† (â€Å"Global Issues: Disarmament†). Every gun that is made, every warship launchedRead MoreWomen Of A And Become Self Reliant Essay1900 Words   |  8 Pageswomen to sell fishes and become self reliant. For this purpose all the resources and instruments are provided by Gujarat government on a 50 % subsidized rate. Tamil Nadu- Periyar EVR Nagammai Free Education Scheme has been implemented in the State from 1989-90 for women students, irrespective of caste, creed and community, to encourage their education and to reduce dropout rate. This is a major scheme in the field of women s education in Tamil Nadu. Apart from the state schemes, many NGOs likeRead MoreSexual Harassment in the Workplace in India801 Words   |  3 Pagesand the future of all generations. Women constitute one half of the humanity and they are the pivots around which the family moves. She’s looked upon as the nourisher, provider, counselor, developer, and the sharer of all the joys and surrounds of the family. From the ancient time, gradually, the concept of the working women came into existence. In addition to the domestic sphere women have taken professional roles outside their homes, this evolved into dual role of employed women and home maker. Read MoreThe role of women in contemporary Turkey is defined by an ongoing gender equality struggle. Many1200 Words   |  5 PagesThe role of women in contemporary Turkey is defined by an ongoing gender equality struggle. Many women are killed because of the â€Å"Honor crimes†. Women cannot have an abortion easily. Also, they cannot go out alone or live a lone either. There are too many situations that women face in Turkey. Also women have rights to bodily integrity and autonomy, vote, work with fair wages or equal pay, own property, education and have marital and parental rights. Even most of their rights are protected by legalRead MoreWomens Rights in Latin America and the Caribbean1362 Words   |  6 PagesCaribbean, women suffer acute discrimination. Often, the discrimination women face is related to social prejudices regarding appropriate patterns of conduct for men and women. This entrenched sex inequality provides the backdrop for the pervasive and widespread human rights violations women face in the region, with little chance of justice. The most pernicious types of womens human rights abuses in the Americas occur in the areas of womens reproductive and sexual health and rights, discrimination andRead MoreEmployment Discrimination Within The Workplace1079 Words   |  5 PagesEmployment Discrimination in Indonesia As stated on wikipedia.org, discrimination is action that denies social participation or human rights to categories of people based on prejudice. This includes treatment of an individual or group based on their actual or perceived membership in a certain group or social category, in a way that is worse than the way people are usually treated. This could be done directly or indirectly. Direct discrimination could arise from punishments and indirect discriminationRead MoreIntroduction:. The Direct Journey Towards The Convention1552 Words   |  7 Pagesjourney towards the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) began way back in 1963 with the United Nations General Assembly adopting the Resolution 1921((XVIII), in which it requested the Economic and Social, Council to invite the Commission on the Status of Women to prepare a draft declaration that would combine in a single international instrument standard on elimination of discrimination against women and articulate the equal rights of men and women. The ResolutionRead MoreDoes Cedaw Make World Better Place For Women? Essay7028 Words   |  29 Pagesplace for Women? Submitted by Ashalika Pandey Research Scholar (Law) University of Allahabad ashalikapandey@gmail.com Contact no.: 09415662408 Table of Contents Abstract †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Chapter 1: Introduction ....................................................... Chapter 2: Convention on the Elimination of All forms

Biblical Worldview And Education - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1147 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/06/12 Category Religion Essay Level High school Tags: Biblical Worldview Essay Did you like this example? Biblical integration presupposes, on the one hand, a corresponding connection between biblical principles, propositions and values, and on the other hand, with ideas, practices and educational content. Based on the biblical teaching that a person is not only a physical, but also a spiritual person, a Christian history teacher draws pupils attention to how and to what extent spiritual and pseudo-spiritual ideas or quests (regardless of whether they are true, false or entangled) influenced the general course of history or any particular event like the French, American revolutions. The task of the Christian, not necessarily Orthodox, but also Catholic pedagogy is the disclosure of those gifts of God that can contribute to the disclosure of the image of God in man. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Biblical Worldview And Education" essay for you Create order The Christian approach to education consists in complementing education with spiritual, moral or religious components, it is the restoration of the perception of reality in its entirety including the material and spiritual spheres. Biblical Worldview The biblical worldview and providential view of history prevailed in the position of the church and the Western world from the time of the Reformation to the 20th century. Western nations were committed to biblical truths to varying degrees, but at least they were on the right track. The founders of the United States, including non-Christians (such as Franklin and Jefferson), had a biblical worldview, while now people and even many Christians are dominated by secular and humanistic ideas. Much of the Western Christian world became secularized over the last generations. One of the main reasons for this is that these Christians have lost the biblical worldview. Their ignorance of the truth led to the rejection of Western culture from freedom, justice and prosperity (the fruits of the Gospel) to tyranny, oppression and poverty (the fruits of humanism and secularization). The education system has played a key role in this. Christian Philosophy of Education Modern schools neglect the formation of pious character and are not able to prepare students for the successful performance of their future duties. Most young people, after graduating from school, experience a lack of creativity and entrepreneurial skills, because the skills they acquired in the process of education cover for the most part knowledge absorption. A true education system should give people the skills of producers those who are able to accept knowledge and creatively apply it in many new areas without any detailed instructions from the outside on what to do and how (Noddings, 2018, p. 100). It is possible to note three components that are very essential for the Christian education system: The teacher who shows himself that he is the letter of Christ (2 Cor. 3: 3) is the most important link in the education system (Itin, 1999, p. 91). When you teach, you show more and convey to people what you are, than what you know. In order to be as effective as possible, a teacher (and we are all teachers to a certain extent, because we teach everyone with whom we have a relationship), should master his subject so much that it becomes a part of his life. Content: In the material we teach, the Bible should be central. Although the Bible does not contain all the formal facts from all areas of knowledge, it contains principles and reveals Gods plan for each object. Method: besides the teacher and the content, the teaching method itself must also be Christian. We should contribute to the formation of a righteous character, as well as instill a love of knowledge and prepare people to own the land. Implications for Educational Practice To provide Christian education it is necessary that not only the motives of learning (philosophy) and its content (program) belong to Christ. The teaching method must also be Christian. Using humanistic methods or curricula and supplementing them with a few Bible quotes and prayers is not a way to teach Christians. The principled approach is based on the integrity of education, that is, the movement from the general to the particular. As an example, consider a subject such as history. Instead of studying individual historical events without any unifying factor, the biblical approach involves first a general, holistic view of history, and then a detailed examination of its individual fragments in close connection with the whole. If a student understands this, then there is a standard for him, within the framework of which all the information he receives logically fits, which means that the process of studying is no longer for him simply memorizing facts. Scientific analysis has a very limited place and function. This principle should be one of the guiding principles in the development of an integral Christian education course by us. Such an understanding of the limitations and functions of scientific analysis frees us once and for all from the internal antinomies of the educational theory and practice of humanism. A true biblical approach to education involves much more than studying various academic disciplines and trying to squeeze the Bible into them. The biblical principled approach to education reveals that the source and purpose of all knowledge is inextricably linked with God and His design for man. Every theory of education implies a certain anthropology. The Montessori or Dewey methods are also the fruits of certain religious statements that base education on a particular religious theory of human nature (Knight, 2006, p. 13). It would be difficult to show the truth of this statement separately from the rest. All discourse and discussion on education must begin with certain anthropological starting points. In particular, when we begin to develop a theory of education, we need a deep and thorough analysis of the specific assumptions on which it is based. To achieve this goal, we need to ask how the methods and goals of science and school relate to the life tasks of a person and what is the role of the school in preparing the child for the performance of his life calling. These purely practical questions are directly related to the more fundamental ones concerning the nature and purpose of man (Peterson, 2001, p. 50). Conclusion Conscience, religious ideals, political behavior, economic practice, moral values all this is the result of interaction between the organism and the environment. Regardless of the social or cultural characteristics that a person may have, they are all secondary or acquired characteristics that serve a person to satisfy his basic needs. Biblical revelation about the meaning of human existence in this regard excludes any humanistic or abstract-idealistic view of education. Neither the creation of a qualified worker or a cultural person, nor the integration or social regulation of a person, nor the formation of an independent person or a responsible citizen, nor even an individual rebirth and the ideal of a pious and pious Christian can serve the ultimate goal for education. All such ideals of personality are mostly humanistic and are incompatible with biblical evidence regarding the religious nature of man.

English Importance in the Next Few Years Free Essays

The topic under discussion is that â€Å"compare the importance of English to the other major languages of the world and then tell whether it will be able to sustain its superiority in the next hundred years†. I am for the topic. A language is a systematic means of communication by the use of sounds or conventional symbols. We will write a custom essay sample on English Importance in the Next Few Years or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is the code we all use to express ourselves and communicate to others. It is a communication by word of mouth. It is the mental faculty or power of vocal communication. It is a system for communicating ideas and feelings using sounds, gestures, signs or marks. Language therefore remains potentially a communicative medium capable of expressing ideas and concepts as well as moods, feelings and attitudes and thus makes humans different from other living beings. The latest and the most advanced discoveries and inventions in science and technology are being made in the universities located in the United States of America where English language is the means of scientific discourse. The importance of English as a spoken language began as a result of the colonial era, when European powers took to the seas in order to find new lands and natural resources. The effects of that time can still be felt in the number of English speakers in India, select parts of Asia and Africa, and North America. The influence of English grew stronger in the 20th century, with the increased mobility of populations, the growth of the United States as an economic power, and the presence of international media in everyday life. As of 2010 there are fewer native speakers of English than Chinese, though English is spoken in more places, and more people speak English as a second language. The importance of English in business comes from its use as a lingua franca, or a means of communication between speakers of two different languages. Many of the world’s top languages function this way, including French, Russian and Arabic, but English still has the widest reach. A South Korean businessman traveling to meet the head of an Argentinean conglomerate in Germany will expect the common language for all to be English. Aside from the United Nations, many other international organizations operate in English. After World War II, key financial institutions were created in English, including the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. The World Trade Organization and a variety of other UN affiliates such the World Food Program and the World Health Organization use English in spoken and written communication. Five of the largest broadcasting companies (CBS, NBC, ABC, BBC and CBC) transmit in English, reaching across the world through satellite television and local holdings. Estimates for the number of people using the Internet in English lie only slightly ahead of users in Chinese, but well ahead of Spanish and other major languages. In the publishing industry, English is also well ahead: 28 percent of books published annually are in English, and the market for books in English for second language speakers is growing. English currently dominates in science and technology, a position that it took over from German after World War I. Scientific journals publish in English, and many researchers, especially in physics, chemistry and biology, use English as their working language. The historical circumstances of India (having been ruled by the British for over two centuries) have given the Indians an easy access to mastering English language, and innumerable opportunities for advancement in the field of science and technology. Many Indians have become so skilled in English language and have won many international awards for creative and comparative literatures during the last few years. Sometime ago, an Indian author, Arundhati Roy, won the prestigious booker prize for her book â€Å"The God of Small Things†. Her book sold lakhs of copies all over the globe. According to the 2004 World Factbook, 49 countries list English as their official language, not counting the United States and the United Kingdom, which do not list any official language but use predominantly English. In 2001, a poll of the 189 member countries in the United Nations showed that 120 of them preferred to use English to communicate with other Over the years, English language has become one of our principal assets in getting a global leadership for books written by Indian authors and for films made by Indians in English language. A famous Indian movie maker Shekhar Kapoor’s film â€Å"Elizabeth† has got several nominations for Oscar Awards. It does not require any further argument to establish the advantage English language has brought to us at the international level. English language comes to our aid in our commercial transactions throughout the globe. English is the language of the latest business management in the world and Indian proficiency in English has brought laurels to many Indian business managers. English is a means not only for international commerce; it has become increasingly essential for inter-state commerce and communication. English language comes to our aid in our commercial transactions throughout the globe. English is the language of the latest business management in the world and Indian proficiency in English has brought laurels to many Indian business managers. English is a means not only for international commerce; it has become increasingly essential for inter-state commerce and communication. Some of the states of India are witnessing popular increase in public demand for teaching of English language from the primary classes. Realizing the importance, recently, the Minister of Indian Railways, Laloo Prasad Yadav, demands teaching of English language in schools. The great demand for admission in English medium schools throughout the country is a testimony to the attraction of English to the people of India. Many of the leaders, who denounce English, send their own children to English medium schools. Many of the schools in the country have English as the sole or additional medium of instruction. A language attracts people because of the wealth of literature and knowledge enshrined in it. English poses no danger to Indian languages. The Indian languages are vibrant and are developing by the contributions of great minds using them as their vehicle of expression. English is available to us as a historical heritage in addition to our own language. We must make the best use of English to develop ourselves culturally and materially so that we can compete with the best in the world of mind and matter. English language is our window to the world. English language is one tool to establish our viewpoint. We can learn from others experience. We can check the theories of foreigners against our experience. We can reject the untenable and accept the tenable. We can also propagate our theories among the international audience and readers. We can make use of English to promote our worldview and spiritual heritage throughout the globe. Swami Vivekananda established the greatness of Indian view of religion at the world conference of religions in Chicago in 1893. He addressed the gathering in impressive English. Many spiritual gurus have since converted thousands of English people to our spirituality by expressing their thought and ideas in masterful English. English has thus become an effective means of promoting Indian view of life, and strengthening our cultural identity in the world. CONCLUSION: Generally, Standard English today does not depend on accent but rather on shared educational experience, mainly of the printed language. Present-day English is an immensely varied language, having absorbed material from many other tongues. It is spoken by more than 300 million native speakers, and between 400 and 800 million foreign users. It is the official language of air transport and shipping; the leading language of science, technology, computers, and commerce; and a major medium of education, publishing, and international negotiation. For this reason, scholars frequently refer to its latest phase as World English. Thus English is evitable. Thus English will never loose its superiority even in the next hundred years, How to cite English Importance in the Next Few Years, Papers

Transformations Emma and Clueless free essay sample

The universality of themes pervading both Emma and Clueless in correlation with the humanistic, obviously flawed protagonists in both texts, captivates and immerses responders. This engagement leads to an involvement and enjoyment in the composer’s craft, which enables the responders’ to obtain sophisticated insight into the text’s concerns on both subjective and objective levels. Critiques agree that the transformation enables an audience to â€Å"enjoy cultural capital and aesthetic knowledge† while retaining a â€Å"connection to the past through classic text and cutting edge post modernism. † Responders of both texts are positioned to see familiar values and attitudes reflected in different worlds. From a â€Å"time characterised by massive political destabilisation and a strong spirit of change and revolution† as noted in extract one, to a time reminiscent of â€Å"the reluctant emergence of America onto the world stage as a result of two world wars† everything and nothing at all has changed. We will write a custom essay sample on Transformations: Emma and Clueless or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The paradoxical situation we face on a close analysis of both contexts is that though Austen and Heckling lived almost 200 years apart their perceptions and criticisms of the world and the world itself are uncanningly similar. Both composers explore attitudes surrounding gender roles, social hierarchies and the moral development of the protagonist, but use different genres, perspectives and centuries to do so. The restrictive, conservative 19th century society transforms into the promiscuous, fast paced world of 20th century America. The male-dominated patriarchy gives way to the post-feminist world where women take their â€Å"freedom† for granted. However the insular, economically and thus socially privileged world of both protagonists, though somewhat tainted, stays stable and shallow throughout. Though the transformation of contexts is severe, the transformation of the protagonists is somewhat placid in comparison. â€Å"Emma Woodhouse, handsome, clever and rich with a comfortable home and happy disposition, seemed to unite some of the best blessings of existence† but throughout the novel, Austen’s authorial tone and scrupulous irony not only belittles and subtly criticises Emma and her insular existence, but structures an ambiguous work of fiction screaming for higher order thinking in responder and protagonist alike. Emma a bildungsroman text, shows the unlikely yet self proclaimed heroine transform, through incidents of self reflexivity usually encouraged by Mr Knightley, from a strong-headed, yet naive â€Å"matchmaker† into a submissive, romantically complacent wife, the epitome of the philosophical paradigms of the 19th century. The critique of Austen’s society is thus softened, but so too is Emma’s moral transformation. Knightley says of Emma â€Å"You are materially changed since we talked† and she replies â€Å"I hope so for at that time I was a fool. Even so, as Knightley clearly states, she is only â€Å"materially changed† at a very superficial level. Her ways of thinking and role within society remain unaffected and the â€Å"happy endings† of the novel imply that everything will go on as usual, in the microcosmic world of Highbury, a reflection of the rigidly structured and insular 19th century society. Critiques note that â€Å"Cherâ€℠¢s world is paradoxically bigger and smaller than Emma’s† her transformation can be described likewise. Her transformation is similarly superficial to Emma’s, though due to the differing contexts manifests itself in an altered way. The film medium aims to externalise the internal, so Cher’s transformation is depicted visually. We see her transform from a pampered American princess to a more socially compassionate, aware person. The shallowness of her world somewhat lessens as lighter, more realistic washes are progressively used in opposition to the brightly coloured almost cartoon-like washes of the beginning of the film. In parallel to Emma these transformations are equally materialistic, as shown in the impervious tone of Cher’s narrative voice over throughout, her unwavering popularity and fantasies, all culminating in the final scene of the movie. Here we see a changed Cher, not engaging in the fantastical plans of Di and Tai for their perfect weddings, genuinely affectionate to Josh, dressed in an appearingly conservative pale pink dress. All these assumptions are belittled in the throwing of the bouquet scene whereby Cher reverts to her old ways of self preservation and determination in her frivolous attempts to secure the bouquet (and thus Josh’s affections). A high angel shot of the pack of screaming girls with a hysterical Cher centred, reveals the inappropriate length of Cher’s attire simultaneously robbing her of the audience’s previous respect. The superficiality of her transformation is thus depicted, with her actions and motives seemingly unaffected by the previous climatic events of the film. Both protagonists commence and end their journeys of self realisation with â€Å"very little to distress or vex† them, an ambiguous â€Å"happy ending† enabling the text’s concerns to be further interpreted in the responders’ minds. This responder interaction continues as both texts explore issues of gender roles and expectations. The comedy of manners explored in Emma and archetypal characters appearing in Clueless enables us to see the peculiarities of the ways in which men and women relate to each other, we see the mundane as such in a new and insightful way. Extract 5 comments on the transformation of mediums in that â€Å"Emma is grounded in reality while Clueless is a fantastical dramatic parody†. As such the themes are explored differently but the concerns themselves appear almost identical. Both texts explore a certain reliance on men and emphasise the aesthetically valued traits of successful women. In Emma women rely on marriage and thus men for long term security, as such the oxymoron of Miss Taylor’s â€Å"gentle sorrow† sums up the conflicting interests and expectations surrounding gender roles in Victorian times. A woman was expected to be aesthetically pleasing, talented, submissive to her male counterparts and â€Å"a single woman of good fortune was always respectable†. All these values, save the fortune, were encompassed in Jane Fairfax’s characterisation who comes to represent the epitome of a respectable Victorian woman. Mr Knightley, the text’s hero saw in Jane â€Å"the real accomplished woman† Emma wanted to be thought herself. As a â€Å"testament to the 1990s† there is no Jane Fairfax and hence no suggestion of the ideal woman in Clueless. The possibilities are endless and indefinite. The emphasis on aesthetic and social superiority has been transformed into modern times through Cher’s promiscuous costuming and interactions with the opposite sex. When driving atrociously, with No Doubt’s background music â€Å"Just a Girl† Cher appears as a young woman out of control in need of a steadying male influence. Though seemingly independent, Cher resorts to using men to get what she wants. She relies on Josh for driving supervision, rescuing her from her Valley disaster and overcoming the criticisms of her father’s lawyer. Tai too relies on the affections of men to solidify her popularity and social status, while Harriet and Jane Fairfax are indebted to men for both social AND financial security. In the transformation of the texts, specifically their concerns of gender roles and expectations it becomes apparent, through parallel characters and situations, that even in this post-feminist society, very little has changed regarding women’s dependence on men and resulting social status. Or has the change come, been deemed unnecessary and inconvenient to all involved and instead reverted back to the 19th century ways of thinking? Overall, the transformation of Emma, an ironic, romantic novel of Victorian times to the American â€Å"chick flick† Clueless, enables responders to gain an enhanced understanding and involvement in the text’s concerns. Through considering the â€Å"universal† themes of gender roles, self reflexivity and development enjoyment is embedded in the composer’s craft as our world and the world of almost 200 years ago are reflected simultaneously. â€Å"Seldom, very seldom does complete truth belong to any human disclosure † but both composers come close.